Ethereum, the second-largest blockchain network, is facing a growing problem with bots that exploit the time gap between when transactions are submitted and when they are finalized. These bots, known as front-runners, copy trades from other users and quickly execute them, eating into potential profits. This practice, called maximal extractable value (MEV), is a nuisance for both novice and experienced crypto traders.
To combat this issue, more users on the Ethereum network have started using private mempools to execute their trades. Private mempools bypass the blockchain’s public transaction lobby, preventing MEV and allowing users to get better settlement for their transactions. While this stealthier mode of using Ethereum has its benefits, experts warn that private mempools also carry their own risks.
Matt Cutler, CEO of MEV firm Blocknative, believes that private transactions will increase in the future. However, he questions whether this trend is ultimately good or bad for the network. Understanding transaction privatization requires understanding how Ethereum’s transaction pipeline works.
When a transaction is submitted to Ethereum, it is sent to the public mempool, a waiting area for transactions that are yet to be executed. Validators on the network then include these transactions in blocks, which are officially written to the blockchain. However, the time spent in the public mempool leaves transactions vulnerable to front-running by trading bots.
Private mempools offer a stealthier alternative for decentralized finance (DeFi) traders to transact without exposing their trades to MEV bots. These mempools hide transactions from bots, providing higher security and privacy. They are particularly useful for large organizations, individuals seeking privacy, and sophisticated trading firms that require quick and guaranteed transaction settlement.
Private mempool services also offer benefits to users. Some services provide direct kickbacks or refunds to users whose transactions have the potential to generate MEV profits for block builders. Additionally, products like UniswapX use private mempools to ensure better settlement for DeFi traders, connecting them directly with market-makers for improved prices.
However, there are concerns that private mempools may introduce new middlemen into Ethereum’s transaction pipeline, potentially leading to centralization. As the trend towards mempool privatization continues, it is important to carefully consider the risks and benefits associated with this approach.
In conclusion, Ethereum’s transaction pipeline has seen a shift towards private mempools as users seek to avoid MEV and improve transaction settlement. While private mempools offer benefits such as increased security and privacy, there are risks associated with potential centralization. As the network navigates this evolving landscape, it is crucial to strike a balance between privacy and decentralization.